Skip to main content

Dependency Injection (DI)

The first reference to what would eventually become Dependency Injection appeared in 1994 in a paper by Robert C. Martin called "The Dependency Inversion Principle".

In "The Dependency Inversion Principle" (or DIP), the author states the three defining factors of "bad code":

  • It is hard to change because every change affects too many other parts of the system (Rigidity)
  • When you make a change, unexpected parts of the system break (Fragility)
  • It is hard to reuse in another application because it cannot be disentangled from the current application (Immobility)

According to Martin, interdependency causes these coding problems (we'll call them RFI for Rigidity, Fragility, and Immobility). To fix RFI issues in your OO code, DIP has two basic rules:


 

1. High level modules should not depend upon low level modules, both should depend upon abstractions.

In other words, high level modules – which contain your business logic and all of the important meat of your application – should not depend on lower level components. The reason for this is if these lower level components were to change, the changes might affect the higher level components as well. This is the defining concept behind dependency inversion, that the prevailing wisdom of having higher-level modules dependent on lower-level modules is in fact a bad idea.

2. Abstractions should not depend upon details, details should depend upon abstractions.

This is another way to say that before you begin coding to the abstraction – the interface or abstract class – you should find the common behaviors in the code and work backwards. Your interface abstraction should cater to the intersection between the needs of your business logic and the common behaviors of the lower level modules. You should also leave the details of how these behaviors are implemented to the implementation classes.

Popular posts from this blog

Primitive Obsession with Example

Primitive Obsession is the name of a code smell that occurs when we use primitive data types to represent domain ideas. For example, we use a string to represent a message or an integer to represent an amount of money. For Example: Code with Primitive Obsession // primitiveObsession.java public class primitiveObsession { public static void main ( String args []) { Integer [] cityPopulations = { 13000000 , // London 21903623 , // New York 12570000 , // Tokyo 1932763 , // Stockholm 1605602 , // Barcelona 4119190 // Sydney }; for ( Integer cityPopulation : cityPopulations ) { System . out . println ( cityPopulation ); } } } public class City { private final String name ; private final int population ; private final Continent continent ; public String getName () { return name ; } public int getPopulation () { return population ; } public Continent ge

Singleton Pattern

Lazy Initialization :- The instantiation of an object can be delayed until it is actually needed. Usage: This especially beneficial when the constructor is doing a costly job like, accessing a remote database. Example: This code demonstrates how the Singleton pattern can be used to create a counter to provide unique sequential numbers, such as might be required for use as primary keys in a Database:   Sequence.java   public class Sequence { private static Sequence instance; private static int counter; private Sequence() { counter = 0; // May be necessary to obtain // starting value elsewhere... } public static synchronized Sequence getInstance() { if(instance==null) // Lazy instantiation { instance = new Sequence(); } return instance; } public static synchronized int getNext() { return ++counter; } }   Some things to note about this implementation: Synchronized methods are used to ensure that the class is thread-safe. This class cannot be subclassed because the constructor is private

Hibernate Notes

  The Hibernate project has the structure as shown in the figure as above. We need one hibernate.cfg.xml file for hibernate configuration which handles connection pulling and other stuff like driver name, username of the database, password of the database, and the following properties.. Hibernate.cfg.xml <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <session-factory>   <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>   <property name="hibernate.connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernatetutorial </property>   <property name="hibernate.connection.username"> root </property>   <property name="hibernate.connection.password"></pr